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Design this course to help the students develop an ability to meet basic health concepts of a patient with observation to Nursing care and gain skills in the extensive required for rendering effective patient care.
Upon completion of this course, students can be able to:
- They can be able to describe the mental, physical, and social adjustment required of an unwell individual and his family.
- Explain the details concept of extensive nursing care
- Carry out the basic technique, and its application
- Develop skills in assessment, implementation, planning and evaluation of the nursing care observed to the patients.
- Demonstrate the skills in observation, recording and the reporting
Table of Contents
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Introduction to Nursing
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Nursing -Definition, concepts, meaning
- Scope and function of the nursing
- History of the Nursing in India
- Nursing as the profession
- Nursing professional -Preparation and the quality
- Ethics in the Nursing-roles and the responsibilities of a Nurse
- The health care agencies – hospital and the community services
- The types and the function of hospitals health team.
- Modern approaches to the nursing care, including the holistic nursing care
- Health and Disease-
- Definition of health and determinants of the health status.
- Human basic need
- Illness and its effects on an individual
Nursing care of the patient
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Patient Environment in hospital: Patients unit
- Therapeutic environment:
- Physical factors – lighting temperature, pestilence, humidity, noise, ventilation
- Safety needs and the prevention of environmental hazard
- Psychosocial and the aesthetic factors
- Patient’s Adjustments to the Hospitals:
- The patient Understanding as a person, and the cultural background, health status, socio-economic, etc.
- Effect of hospitalization on patient and the family
- Admission, transfer and the discharge procedures
- The Basic Nursing Skills-
- Communication
- Recording and Reporting
- Nursing interview
- Nursing Process
- Meaning and the importance
- Nursing care plans
- Assessment, Implementation, Nursing diagnosis Planning, and
Evaluation
Meeting the Basic Needs of a patient
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Physical needs-
- Comfort ,sleep, rest and exercise
- Importance and its promotions
- Body Mechanics- lifting, moving, and transferring
- Position and the posture maintenance
- Comfort device
- Beds and bed Makings – Principle of the bed Making, Types and care of the bed linen.
- Restraints , Safety device, and the splints
- Active and the Passive Exercises
- Hygienic Needs
- Personal and the environmental hygiene
- Nurses note in maintaining personal and the environmental hygiene
- Care of nose, Ears, Eyes, Feet and Hands
- Care of skin, hair, mouth and genitalia
- Care of pressure areas and bed sores.
- Elimination needs:
- Health and the sickness
- Problems – constipation and retention, diarrhea and the incontinence of urine.
- Nurse’s role in the meeting elimination need
- Offering bed-pan and the urinal
- Observing and the recording abnormalities.
- Preparation and giving of enemas, suppositories, laxative, flatus tube and the bowel wash.
- Perineal care, care of the patient with urinary catheter, diapers.
- Maintenance of intake and the output records.
- Nutritional needs:
- Diet in the health and disease
- The Factors affecting nutrition in illness
- Nurse’s role in meeting the patients nutritional needs
- Modification of diet in the illness.
- Diet planning and the serving.
- Feeding the helpless patients including the artificial methods of feeding
- Psychological and the spiritual needs
- Importance
- Nurse’s role -Diversional and the Recreational therapy
- Care of terminally ill and the dying patient
- Dying patient’s signs and various symptoms needs of dying patient and the family
- Nursing care of the dying-: Special considerations; euthanasia, will, organ donation, dying declaration, advance directives, etc.
- The Medico legal issues
- Care of the dead bodies
- Care of the unit
- Autopsy
- Embalming
Assessment of the patients
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Physical Assessment-
- principles, Importance, methods of the assessment
- Height, Weight, posture
- Head to the toe examination.
- Physiological Assessment-
- Vital signs, Characteristic, normal, abnormal and the factors influencing of variations
- Observation and collection of the specimens-urine, vomitus, stool, and sputum
- Psychological Assessment:
- Intelligence, Mood, Emotions Normal and the Abnormal behavior
Infection control
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Infection control :
- Nature of the infection
- Chain of the infection transmission
- Defence against infection: -Natural and acquired
- Hospital acquired infection ( the nosocomial infection)
- Concept of asepsis:
- Medical and the surgical asepsis
- Isolation precautions , barrier nursing
- Hand washing : simple, surgical asepsis (scrub) and hand asepsis
- Isolation – source and the protection
- The Personal protective equipment types, uses and the techniques of wearing and removing
- Decontamination of unit and the equipment
- Transportation of the infected patient
- Standard safety precaution
- Transmission based on precautions
- Bio-medical waste management
- Importance
- Types of the hospital wastes
- Hazards associated with the hospital waste.
- Decontamination of the hospital waste
- Segregation and transportation
- Disposal
Therapeutic Nursing Care
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- a) Care of the patients with respiratory problems/dyspnea:
- Deep breathing and coughing exercises
- O2 inhalation
- Dry and moist inhalation
- Oro nasal suctioning
- b) Care of the patient with altered body temperature:-Hot and cold Applications
- c) Care of the patients with Fluid
- And the Electrolyte imbalance
- d) Care of unconscious patient
- e) Care of the bed-ridden patient.
- f) Care of the patient with pain
- g) Care of patients with the body elimination deviation
Introduction to clinical Pharmacology
This PDF Note Includes the following topics.
- Administration of medication:
- General Principles/Considerations
- Purposes of medication
- Principles: Rights, prescriptions, special considerations and safety in the administering medications and the medication errors
- Drugs forms
- Routes of administrations
- The Storage and maintenance of drugs and the nurses responsibility
- Broad classification of the drugs
- Therapeutic effect, allergic reaction, toxic effect, side effect, drug tolerance and drug interactions
- The Factors influencing drug actions
- Systems of the drug measurement: metric system and household measurements.
- Converting measurements units:- conversion within one system, between systems, the dosage calculations.
- Abbreviations and Terminologies are used in the prescription of the medications
- Oral drug administration:- Buccal oral sublingual : equipment and procedure
- Parental:-
- General principles
- Types of the parental therapies
- Types of syringes, canula, needles, and the infusion sets,
- Protection from the needle stick injuries, giving medication with a safety syringe.
- Routes of parental therapies:-
- Procedure, Purposes, site equipment and the special considerations in giving intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and the intravenous medication
- Advanced techniques :-
- epidural intrathecal, intrapleural, intraosseous, intra arterial, intraperitoneal,
- Role of the nurse
- Topical administration: Procedure, purposes site, equipment, special considerations for applications to the skin and the mucous membrane.
- Direct application:
- Gargle, throat swab
- Insertion of drug into body cavities :
- Nasal pack, suppositories / medicated packing into the rectum / vagina
- Instillations: Ear, nasal, eye, rectal and bladder
- Irrigations: eye, ear, rectal bladder, and vaginal . Spray: nose and the throat
- Inhalations: Nasal, Endotracheal oral and tracheal (steam, oxygen and medications) –Types, purposes, procedure, equipment, and the special considerations.
- Recording and reporting of the medications administered.
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